Same-Day Mode Choice Modeling with Household Vehicle Usage Simulation in Developing Countries

developing countries (6, 8). The higher probability of car deficiency in developing countries probably requires operating vehicle allocation before mode choice. Car-deficient households are households where the number of drivers exceeds the number of cars. Moreover, three types of private vehicles (car, motorcycle, and bicycle) should be considered in the vehicle allocation step in households because this group more accurately represents the transportation situation in developing countries. In addition, the likelihood of household members switching travel modes within 1 day and the likelihood of vehicle sharing among household members have to be included in the mode choice model. In this research, a same-day mode choice model, in which the activities of household members are predetermined, is established as a four-step model. The first step allocates vehicles at a household level. Household members are divided into two types: the members who use private vehicles and the ones who do not. The second step decides mode choices of individuals with private vehicles. The third step considers vehicle sharing among household members. The fourth step simulates mode choices of individuals without vehicles based on chronological order. The area studied in this paper is the urban area of Bengbu, China, a midsize city, which is a common type of city in China. The scope of this paper is as follows. The following section reviews current studies on mode choices and applications in developing countries. The next section presents a model framework consisting of four subsections, with algorithms and detailed descriptions of models. The next section gives a case study of a mode choice model in the midsize city of Bengbu, China. The last section summarizes the conclusions and proposes future work.